Life Cycle Assesment (LCA)

This dynamic model is complementary to the 'Life Cycle Assessment of GHG Emissions of e-NG' report completed by Worley Consulting for the eNG Coalition. We conducted a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the e-NG value chain. The LCA of alternative products, including conventional LNG, green and blue hydrogen, green and blue ammonia, e-methanol, and blue methanol were also undertaken to facilitate a comprehensive comparison with the LCA results of e-NG.

Windmühlen auf einer Wiese mit Bergen im Hintergrund

This dynamic model is intended to support the e-NG Coalition with further analysis on the production of e-NG and alternative pathways. The model is based directly on the basis, products, pathways, and parameters included in the report above.

Key mass balance parameters, assumptions, constants, and references are defined on this page.

The default scenario parameters in this model include production of e-NG in Texas with export to the Netherlands. The base case pathway assumes that biogenic CO2 is captured as a by-product from a bioethanol plant, or alternatively industrial CO2 is captured from the flue gas of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant. The electrolyser and methanation units are assumed to be co-located within the battery limits of the e-NG facility. The base case assumes 100% renewable power within battery limits of the facility and grid power consumption for all ancillary equipment.

Additional details regarding assumptions, boundaries, inventory, study parameters, or references cited in the model can be found in the study report. Belowis a high level schematic of the overall e-NG value chain.

Model Assumptions

Assumptions

  • The model is based directly on the basis, products, pathways, and parameters included in the 'Life Cycle Assessment of GHG Emissions of e-NG' report.
  • The assumed e-NG reference capacity is 78,255 tpa e-NG.
  • Lower heating values (LHV) are used.
  • e-NG is assumed to be 100% methane with respect to end use LCA calculations.
  • Biogenic CO2 source is assumed to be fermentation (bioethanol). The fossil CO2 source is assumed to be from a gas turbine.
  • Electrolysis and methanation are co-located.
  • An existing, off-site liquefaction facility is assumed.
  • An LNG carrier is assumed for shipping of e-NG and LNG (LNG fuel). A very large carrier (marine diesel oil fuel) is assumed for the alternative products.
  • Regasification considers submerged combustion vaporisers (SCV) and/or open rack vaporisers (ORV).
  • Avoided emissions are calculated in line with ISO 6338-1:2024 Annex C.
  • GHG emissions are reported on a common basis of CO2e based on IPCC AR6 100-year.
  • CO2 transported in supercritical phase via pipelines.
Energy Parameters Table
Parameter Value Units Notes
Electrolyser Capacity250MWWorley mass balance @67% efficiency
e-NG Production78.255tpaStudy assumption
Operating Hours8.760h/yearStudy assumption
e-NG LHV50,0MJ/kgTypical value for methane; study assumption.
Natural Gas LHV47,1MJ/kgTypical value for natural gas; model assumption.
LNG LHV49,4MJ/kgTypical value for US Gulf Coast LNG
LNG Combustion Emissions55,3gCO2e/MJTypical/assumed value based on composition.
LNG Combustion Emissions2,73tCO2e/tNGTypical/assumed value based on composition.
e-NG Combustion Emissions54,8gCO2e/MJTypical/assumed value based on composition.
Hydrogen LHV120,0MJ/kgTypical/assumed value based on composition.
Ammonia LHV18,6MJ/kgTypical/assumed value based on composition.
Methanol LHV19,9MJ/kgTypical/assumed value based on composition.

* The model constants are parameters defined as the basis in the 'Life Cycle Assessment of GHG Emissions of e-NG' report which are not intended to be adjusted.

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